Autism

What is Autism

Autism (ASD) is a wide-spectrum complex developmental disability that begins at birth or manifests within the first three years of a person’s life. People with autism have issues with non-verbal communication, social interactions, and activities that involve teasing or playing. Autism is a severe developmental disorder. Most autistic children are perfectly normal in appearance, but spend their time engaged in puzzling and outwardly disturbing behaviours, that are markedly different from those of typical children. 

Less severe cases may be diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) or with Asperger’s Syndrome. The person may have issues with social interactions, understanding people through empathy and responding to situations the way people are expected to. 

Symptoms of Autism

Signs and symptoms of autism can be varied and different from person to person. Someone might display abnormal reactions to sensory stimuli, touches may be experienced as painful, smells may be overwhelmingly unpleasant, and ordinary daily noises may be painful. A child with autism might display a lack of interest in playthings and toys. An autistic child appears content to be alone and might even be happier to play alone.

Possible other signs of autism may be getting upset by minor changes, having obsessive interests, having strange physical reactions at inappropriate times, including rocking the body or spinning in circles, having unusual reactions to the way things sound, smell, taste, or look, and not displaying interest in what people are saying. 

Causes of Autism

Although the exact cause of autism is not known, experts believe that it could be due to both genetic and environmental factors. Inherited genetic variations and genetic factors are responsible for some forms of autism. In families with one child with autism, the risk of having another child with autism is 3-8%. Environmental factors and exposures may interact with genetic factors to cause an increased risk of autism in some families. Abnormalities in brain structures cause autistic behaviour. The body’s immune system may inappropriately produce antibodies that attack the brain, causing autism.

Risk factors of Autism

Even though the cause is not known for certain, certain factors are known to enhance someone’s chances of getting autism. These include genetic factors, as Autism is common in families, in identical twins, in parents with psychiatric illness, and in families who have other family members with other forms of communication or social disorders. The age of parents the parents when they have a child could also be a factor, since older parents have a higher risk of having a child with autism. The gender factor can also play a role, as boys are three to four times more likely to be affected by autism than girls. 

Previously existing medical conditions can also be a factor, as autism occurs more frequently in children with medical conditions such as Tuberous sclerosis, Neurofibromatosis, Epilepsy, Fragile X syndrome, Tourette’s syndrome or Phenylketonuria. Complications during pregnancy can also increase the risk of having a child with autism. These include diseases and infections like influenza, persistent fever and antibiotic usage during pregnancy. All of these have been known to increase the risk of that child being born with autism. 

Complications of Autism

Detecting and treating autism in the early stages is the best option, since the condition can develop complications if left untreated. These include issues such as personality disorders, depression, anxiety, learning disabilities, fragile X Syndrome, psychosis and tuberous sclerosis. Behavioural problems like extremely repetitive, unusual, self-injurious and aggression may also develop. 

Diagnosis of Autism

Two stages of diagnosing autism are developmental screening and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation. If autism symptoms are present, the doctor will begin an evaluation by analysing and finding out the medical and family history of the patient, conducting a physical examination, and doing tests such as X-rays and blood tests. 

Treatment of Autism

Treatments of autism includes homeopathic treatment of autism, treatment through acupuncture and acupressure, psychotherapy, using conventional or allopathic treatments, dietary and herbal treatment of autism and other treatments of autism. 

Homeopathic Treatment of Autism

A homoeopathic case evaluation of a child with autism includes a detailed study of the family history. The case analysis also takes into account any impaired functions in terms of behaviour, social skills, communication, speech, aggression, and other interactions. In some cases, the treatment is continued for over one year, depending on the severity of the signs and manifestations of ASD symptoms. The homeopathic medicines are considered essentially safe and non-toxic. Some common homeopathic medicines for autism are Calc, Agar, Lyco, Bar C and Bufo. 

Acupuncture and Acupressure Treatment

Since autism is often difficult to treat and understand, many parents are turning to alternative therapies to try and help their children. Children with autism can benefit from acupuncture. While a cure is not to be expected, acupuncture seems to give symptomatic relief to children.

Treatment of Autism through Psychotherapy and Hypnotherapy

A psychotherapy program of treatment for the autistic child should include, among other things, parent participation and parent education, with the goal of reducing distortions in the parent-child relationship which could make things more difficult for everyone involved. Otherwise, treatment of the preschool autistic child should be concerned with establishing perceptual organization and cortical control over his sensory experiences. Clinical hypnosis can help the child with easing into other forms of treatment, and make the situation more relaxed and understandable. 

Conventional or Allopathic Treatment of Autism

Conventional treatments include language and behaviour therapy. The medical specialist may aim to alleviate the symptoms of the condition. For example, some physicians address the gastrointestinal problems these kids often exhibit, and many of them prescribe psychotropic drugs aimed at improving behaviour and mood. Symptoms of the autism spectrum disorder range from mild impairments in language, behaviour, and/or social skills to near-complete social withdrawal and mental retardation in the most severe cases, which is why treatment for these particular issues can be beneficial. 

Dietary and Herbal Treatment of Autism

It is recommended to add Vitamin B and C supplements to your food, and to eat magnesium, and cod liver supplements. 

Other Treatments of Autism

Yoga exercise and breathing techniques could prove to be very helpful for increasing the quality of life for children and adolescents with Autism. These exercises and practices reduces stress and anxiety, increase body awareness, strength, and flexibility and help in increasing self-regulation.

Precautions and Prevention of Autism

Since the cause of autism is not known, autism cannot be prevented. Early recognition and treatment may decrease the effects of autism, and early recognition and intervention can help prevent future learning and developmental issues. Young children, under the age of 18 months, should be regularly checked for any developmental lags and disabilities by doctors.

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