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Friday, February 2, 2018

Anal Cancer

What is anal cancer?
Cancerous cells which develop into tumors that may be malignant in the tissues of the anus are called anal cancer. However, some tumors are benign, but some noncancerous tumors at first may later turn into cancerous forms and spread or invade the surrounding tissues and the rest of the body. Anal cancers are not that common.

What are the symptoms of anal cancer?
The symptoms of anal cancer are akin to the symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, and hemorrhoids. You notice changes in your bowel habits; your rectum bleeds; you feel pressure, pain, and lump near your anus. In addition, your stool thins out; your anus itches, and there’s discharge from your anus.

What are the risk factors for anal cancer?
It’s important to mention at the outset that that anybody is at risk for anal cancer. In any event, some people have a higher risk of developing anal cancer than others. This said, the risk factors are: HPV (Human papilloma virus infection). These are sexually transmitted viruses that remain and incubate in the body for a long time. These viruses are always found at the site of anal and cervical cancer.
HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus): These viruses also put their host at a great risk of anal cancer because of the immune system they compromise. Sexual activity: If you have multiple sexual partners, and engage in unprotected anal sex, you have a great risk of contacting HPV. Smoking can increase your chance of getting anal cancer, and if your immune system is weak, you stand the chance. Also if you received an organ transplant or take drugs that suppress your immune system you have a chance. Individuals who are usually at risk start from those who are 50 years of age.

What are the causes of anal cancer?
This cancer is caused by the growth and replication of abnormal cells in the body. These abnormal cell bodies advance uncontrollably and pile up into malignant masses called tumors. Because cancer cells are dynamic, they can metastasize into other body parts or organs and impair their functions.
Anal cancer is partly caused by HPV, a set of viruses acquired through sex. It’s possible also when genetically mutated cells are transformed into abnormal cells and cause anal cancer. These abnormal cells dissociate from the patent tumor and invade nearby cells, spreading to the rest of the body

How is anal cancer diagnosed?
Anal cancer is normally occasioned by anal bleeding. When you experience anal bleeding, pain, and itching you’re advised to see your doctor before your anal cancer advances past the first stages.  Anal cancer can also be diagnosed during normal medical examinations or procedures.
Digital rectal examination for prostate cancer, as well as manual rectal examinations for lumps can diagnose rectal carcinoma. Anal Pap smears and also cell biopsy can be used to test for anal cancer. Other tests include the visual observation of your rectum for abnormalities, and taking spectrum images of your anal canal.

Prevention of anal cancer
Most methods of preventing anal cancer are not guaranteed. However, ways abound whereby you can minimize the risk of getting it.
You can practice safe sex by engaging in protected sex. Stay very clear of practicing receptive anal intercourse. Drastically limit the number of your sex partners. Regularly check yourself for STDs. 
Don’t smoke or participate in second handed smoking.
Seek vaccination for HPV. This vaccination is approved for both sexes between 9 and 26 years of age. This vaccination is capable of protecting from some types of anal cancer causing HPVs. If you think you’re susceptible to anal cancer genetically, let your doctor know your concerns.

Complications of anal cancer
Anal cancer is capable of spreading to your liver or your lungs.

How is anal cancer treated?
The treatment choices your doctor can expose you to depend on your age or the stage of the advancement of your anal cancer.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is usually administered to destroy cancer cells and their growth. You can either take it orally or by infusion. The pains can normally be occasionally killed with pain relievers.
Surgery
In the early stages of the anal cancer, local resection surgery can be used to remove a tumor, especially when the tumor is still small, and localized, and has not invaded other tissues nearby.

The invasive surgery of Abdominoperineal resection is sometimes performed on the GI tract by the doctor to help the patient when other forms of treatment have not helped the patient. In this surgery, an incision will be made in the stomach to remove the anus, the rectum, and some parts of the colon. Then ostomy bag will be attached to the skin to help the patient collect his stool.

Alternative therapy
Many forms of cancer are cured by radiation therapy.  X-rays and radiations are procured to destroy cancerous cells. Other forms of cancer treatment may be carried out with this. However, care should be taken because radiation also kills healthy cells.

Homeopathic Treatment of Anal Cancer
Inexorably, homeopathy helps to prevent anal cancer, and also improves healing and the health of the individual. It takes care of the patient as a human being, taking into cognizance the needs of the human body. The treatment of homeopathy is largely constitutive in that it concentrates on the person, the need of the person’s body as it relates to their pathological condition. In other words, it balances the energy flow of the body, advancing the person’s immunity and immune responses, as well as the body capacities, getting to the root cause of the ailment and curing it. Some of the medicines used in homeopathy for the treatment of anal cancer are: Nit Ac, Alumina, Sulph, Ars alb, Nux V

Conventional and Allopathic Treatment of Anal cancer
The common procedures in Allopathic treatment of anal cancer are:
Chemotherapy: These are either taken as oral pills or as an infusion to kill the cancer cells or the tumor.
Radiation therapy : These involve the use of the radiation beams of X-ray to destroy cancer cells.
Surgical Treatment of Anal cancer
Surgery: This is for the early stage of the cancer when the tumor is still small. The affected part can be removed together with some healthy tissues without posing any danger to the muscles of the anal sphincter.
Surgery:  This is usually for the late stage of anal cancer meant for those patients who have not made a positive response to other methods of treatment.  This is the Abdominoperineal resection surgery described above.

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